Spatial and temporal changes in microclimate affect disease distribution in two ancient tombs of Southern Tang Dynasty

Two tombs of the Southern Tang Dynasty (Qinling Tomb and Shunling Tomb), most important cultural heritages in China, were built for emperors 1000 years ago decorated with murals stone sculptures. After their excavation 1950s, it was found that drastic fluctuations environment within had caused multiple diseases, such as salt efflorescence, powdering, biodeterioration, which led to irreversible damage murals. This research comprised long-term (yearly) environmental monitoring short-term (monthly) investigation into distribution crystallization microbial growth two tombs. The objective unveil relationship between temporal spatial distributions mural diseases characteristics while proposing a promising regulation strategy relic conservation. results showed gradual reduction temperature fluctuation from entrance back chamber distinct vertical stratification relative humidity. humidity upper areas reached 100% during summer, averaged around 40–50% lower winter. Consequently, significant condensation observed on ceiling whereas occurred space these influenced by airflow exchange interior exterior. Furthermore, structural disparities contributed higher greater microorganism coverage compared Qinling Tomb. From abovementioned findings, we suggest microclimate control is essential mitigating deterioration should be paid more attention future.